CD28 and CTLA-4 are members of a family of immunoglobulin-related receptors that are
responsible for various aspects of T-cell immune regulation. The family includes CD28 …

Ligation of the CD28 receptor on T cells provides a critical second signal alongside T cell
receptor (TCR) ligation for naive T cell activation. Here, we discuss the expression, structure …

The mechanism of action of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) remains
surprisingly unclear. Regulatory T (Treg) cells can use CTLA-4 to elicit suppression; …

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies using DNA, RNA, or methylation
sequencing have impacted enormously on the life sciences. NGS is the choice for large …

Capping protein (CP) binds the fast growing barbed end of the actin filament and regulates
actin assembly by blocking the addition and loss of actin subunits. Recent studies provide …

Mice with a loss-of-function mutation in the LAT adaptor (LatY136F) develop an autoimmune
and type 2 inflammatory disorder called defective LAT signalosome pathology (DLSP). We …

T cells carry out the formidable task of identifying small numbers of foreign antigenic
peptides rapidly and specifically against a very noisy environmental background of …

Disclosures: J. Raedler reported grants from Foerderprogramm fuer Forschung und Lehre
(FöFoLe), Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Germany outside the submitted work. A. Fasth …

Human T-cell function is dependent on T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and co-signalling as
evidenced by immunodeficiencies affecting TCR-dependent signalling pathways. Here, we …

It is well known that F-actin dynamics drive the micron-scale cell shape changes required for
migration and immunological synapse (IS) formation. In addition, recent evidence points to a …