Common marine spatial planning challenges include lack of data on the marine
environment, high mobility of both animals and humans, and plan implementation …

Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) promotes the sustainable human activities development
and uses in the marine space, playing a role in their effective management. The …

Sustainable development is the framing concept assuring that resources are exploited while
maintaining the ability of these natural resources to provide for future generations. With …

Regionalisation aims at delimiting provinces within which physical conditions, chemical
properties, and biological communities are reasonably homogeneous. This article proposes …

Marine-coastal ecosystems are productive and valuable habitats worldwide due to their
significant contributions to human wellbeing. However, human activities, limited territorial …

The ocean surface is organized into regions with distinct properties reflecting the complexity
of interactions between environmental forcing and biological responses. The delineation of …

Body condition and reproduction data are broadly used to assess the health status of fish
because of its implications for recruitment and ecosystem structure. Sardina pilchardus is a …

Phytoplankton, the dominant marine primary producers, are considered to be highly
sensitive indicators of ecosystem condition and change. The southwest area off the Iberian …

Seagrasses are marine angiosperms that can form highly productive, and valuable
underwater meadows, which are currently in regression. A reliable assessment of their …

Despite a long history of taxonomic studies on the genus Tricolia Risso, 1826, there is a
shortfall on thorough systematic molecular reviews of the taxon from the NE Atlantic and …