During the rapid spread of HIV-1 in humans, the main (M) group of HIV-1 has evolved into
ten distinct subtypes, undergone countless recombination events and diversified …

Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, life expectancies for persons with HIV
infection are similar to those for unifected people. A growing proportion of HIV-infected …

HIV virulence, ie the time of progression to AIDS, varies greatly among patients. As for other
rapidly evolving pathogens of humans, it is difficult to know if this variance is controlled by …

The evolution of higher virulence during disease emergence has been predicted by
theoretical models, but empirical studies of short-term virulence evolution following …

Background Early initiation of combination antiretro-viral therapy (ART) during primary HIV-1
infection may prevent the establishment of large viral reservoirs, possibly resulting in …

Objective: The potential for changing HIV-1 virulence has significant implications for the
AIDS epidemic, including changing HIV transmission rates, rapidity of disease progression …

Should emerging pathogens be unusually virulent? If so, why? Existing theories of virulence
evolution based on a tradeoff between high transmission rates and long infectious periods …

Transmission bottlenecks introduce selection pressures on HIV-1 that vary with the mode of
transmission. Recent studies on small cohorts have suggested that stronger selection …

Objectives Improved survival has shifted the HIV epidemic in the developed world towards
more individuals> 50 years of age. Older individuals, with new or longstanding HIV infection …

In ecology,“disease tolerance” is defined as an evolutionary strategy of hosts against
pathogens, characterized by reduced or absent pathogenesis despite high pathogen load …