Osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) pose significant challenges in adult
spinal deformity surgery, increasing the risks of complications such as vertebral …

Background Spinal-pelvic sagittal balance is important for maintaining energy-efficient
posture in normal and diseased states. Few reports to date have evaluated the effect of …

While some research supports utilizing plain radiography for measuring biomechanical
alignment of the spine for prognosis and treatment, there are contrasting viewpoints …