Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of the most considerable
mortality globally, and it has been tried to find the molecular mechanisms and design new …

Tissue-resident fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells which possess an impressive plasticity in
their ability to modify their properties according to the requirements of the microenvironment …

Central nervous system (CNS) trauma activates a persistent repair response that leads to
fibrotic scar formation within the lesion. This scarring is similar to other organ fibrosis in …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains stress sensors which recognize the accumulation
of unfolded proteins within the lumen of ER, and subsequently these transducers stimulate …

Tissue fibrosis is a key factor leading to disability and death worldwide; however, thus far,
there are no approved treatments for fibrosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a major …

Vascular smooth muscle–derived Sca1+ adventitial progenitor (AdvSca1-SM) cells are
tissue-resident, multipotent stem cells that contribute to progression of vascular remodeling …

Inflammation is a characteristic marker in numerous lung disorders. Several immune cells,
such as macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, as well as T and B lymphocytes …

Activation of cardiac fibroblasts and differentiation to myofibroblasts underlies development
of pathological cardiac fibrosis, leading to arrhythmias and heart failure. Myofibroblasts are …

Disruption of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and an accumulation of fibrotic lesions within
tissues are two of the distinctive hallmarks of the aging process. Tissue fibroblasts are …

Cell communication is needed for organ function and stress responses, especially in the
heart. Cardiac fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, immune cells and endothelial cells comprise the …