Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous
and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by‐products of normal cell activity. They are produced
in many cellular compartments and play a major role in signaling pathways. Overproduction …

Despite major progress in interventional and medical treatments, myocardial infarction (MI)
and subsequent development of heart failure (HF) are still associated with high mortality …

Monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) are mammalian flavoenzyme, which catalyze the
oxidative deamination of several neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, dopamine, tyramine …

Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease,
are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The …

Reperfusion injury, the paradoxical tissue response that is manifested by blood flow-
deprived and oxygen-starved organs following the restoration of blood flow and tissue …

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a result of diabetes-induced changes in the structure and
function of the heart. Hyperglycemia affects multiple pathways in the diabetic heart, but …

Even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM)
may increase the risk for heart failure development. This risk evolves from functional and …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease or Charcot
disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons (MNs) and leads to …

Reductions in the blood supply produce considerable injury if the duration of ischemia is
prolonged. Paradoxically, restoration of perfusion to ischemic organs can exacerbate tissue …