Background: Recent updates to physical activity guidelines highlight the importance of
reducing sedentary time. However, at present, only general recommendations are possible …

Objective To elucidate the role of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the
increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Methods …

Background Neighborhood greenspaces provide opportunities for increased physical
activity and social interaction, and thus may reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes. However …

In this article, we will present statistical methods to assess to what extent the effect of a
randomised treatment (versus control) on a time‐to‐event endpoint might be explained by …

In the context of causal mediation analysis, prevailing notions of direct and indirect effects
are based on nested counterfactuals. These can be problematic regarding interpretation and …

We discuss causal mediation analyses for survival data and propose a new approach based
on the additive hazards model. The emphasis is on a dynamic point of view, that is …

Evidence suggests that contemporaneous labor force participation affects cognitive function;
however, it is unclear whether it is employment itself or endogenous factors related to …

The widespread use and deep reach of smartphones motivate the use of mobile
applications to continuously monitor the relationship between circadian system, individual …

One key objective of the population health sciences is to understand why one social group
has different levels of health and well-being compared with another. Whereas several …

Causal mediation analysis for sparse and irregular longitudinal data Page 1 The Annals of
Applied Statistics 2021, Vol. 15, No. 2, 747–767 https://doi.org/10.1214/20-AOAS1427 © …