The first member and eponym of the rhodopsin family was identified in the 1930s as the
visual pigment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the animal retina. It was found to be a …

Cation and anion channelrhodopsins (CCRs and ACRs, respectively) from phototactic algae
have become widely used as genetically encoded molecular tools to control cell membrane …

Rhodopsins had long been considered non-fluorescent until a peculiar voltage-sensitive
fluorescence was reported for archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch3) derivatives. These proteins …

Blue light sensing using flavin (BLUF) domains constitute a family of flavin-binding
photoreceptors of bacteria and eukaryotic algae. BLUF photoactivation proceeds via a light …

Bestrhodopsins constitute a class of light-regulated pentameric ion channels that consist of
one or two rhodopsins in tandem fused with bestrophin ion channel domains. Here, we …

Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) is a powerful nonlinear spectroscopic
technique that probes changes in molecular and material structure with high temporal and …

Symmetric quadrupolar molecules generally exhibit apolar ground states and dipolar
excited states in a polar environment, which is explained by the excited state evolution from …

Photosynthesis in plants starts with the capture of photons by light-harvesting complexes
(LHCs). Structural biology and spectroscopy approaches have led to a map of the …

Discovered over 50 years ago, bacteriorhodopsin is the first recognized and most widely
studied microbial retinal protein. Serving as a light-activated proton pump, it represents the …

We present a methodology that provides a complete parametric description of the time
evolution of the electronically and vibrationally excited states as detected by ultrafast …