Modified tetrapyrroles are large macrocyclic compounds, consisting of diverse conjugation
and metal chelation systems and imparting an array of colors to the biological structures that …

The advent of heme during evolution allowed organisms possessing this compound to
safely and efficiently carry out a variety of chemical reactions that otherwise were difficult or …

Native cell-free transcription–translation systems offer a rapid route to characterize the
regulatory elements (promoters, transcription factors) for gene expression from nonmodel …

Organohalide chemistry underpins many industrial and agricultural processes, and a large
proportion of environmental pollutants are organohalides. Nevertheless, organohalide …

The biosynthesis of B 12, involving up to 30 different enzyme-mediated steps, only occurs in
bacteria. Thus, most eukaryotes require an external source of B 12, and yet the vitamin …

The only known source of vitamin B12 (adenosylcobalamin) is from bacteria and archaea.
Here, using genetic and metabolic engineering, we generate an Escherichia coli strain that …

Over 30 years, the Gram-positive bacterium Priestia megaterium (previously known as
Bacillus megaterium) was systematically developed for biotechnological applications …

Chemical synthesis is a well established route for producing many chemicals on a large
scale, but some drawbacks still exist in this process, such as unstable intermediates …

Simple Summary Cobalt (Co) is an essential element with ubiquitous dietary exposure and
possible incremental exposure due to dietary supplements, occupations, and medical …

Cobalamin (vitamin B12) is a complex metabolite and essential cofactor required by many
branches of life, including most eukaryotic phytoplankton. Algae and other cobalamin …