The mammalian NLR gene family was first reported over 20 years ago, although several
genes that were later grouped into the family were already known at that time. Although it is …

Abstract NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) is an intracellular
sensor that detects a broad range of microbial motifs, endogenous danger signals and …

NLRP3 is the best characterized cytosolic nod-like pattern recognition receptor which can
detect microbial motifs, endogenous danger and stress signals. Activation of NLRP3 leads to …

Summary The interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) family of cytokines and receptors is unique in immunology
because the IL‐1 family and Toll‐like receptor (TLR) families share similar functions. More …

Programmed cell death is regulated by evolutionarily conserved pathways that play critical
roles in development and the immune response. A newly recognized pathway for …

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the progressive dysfunction and death of
selectively vulnerable neuronal populations, often associated with the accumulation of …

Mitochondria are functionally versatile organelles. In addition to their conventional role of
meeting the cell's energy requirements, mitochondria also actively regulate innate immune …

Significance: Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes localized within the cytoplasm of
the cell that are responsible for the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines such as …

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the prototypical inflammatory cytokine: two distinct ligands (IL-1α and IL-
1β) bind the IL-1 type 1 receptor (IL-1R1) and induce a myriad of secondary inflammatory …

Members of the extended interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokine family, such as IL-1, IL-18, IL-33, and
IL-36, play a pivotal role in the initiation and amplification of immune responses. However …