Most head and neck cancers are derived from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity,
pharynx and larynx and are known collectively as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma …

Hypoxia is prevalent in human tumours and contributes to microenvironments that shape
cancer evolution and adversely affect therapeutic outcomes. Historically, two different …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive malignancy, is
characterized by high morbidity and low survival rates with limited therapeutic options …

Radiotherapy (RT) uses ionizing radiation to eradicate localized tumors and, in rare cases,
control tumors outside of the irradiated fields via stimulating an antitumor immune response …

The environmental and metabolic pressures in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a
key role in molding tumor development by impacting the stromal and immune cell fractions …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are essential for tumor microenvironment remodeling
and correlate with tumor progression. However, interactions between CAFs and tumor cells …

Abstract Introduction Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are correlated with the
immunotherapy response. However, the culprits that link CAFs to immunotherapy resistance …

The majority of patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and
neck (HNSCC)(R/M) do not benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy. Hypoxia induced …

Over the last few years, cancer immunotherapy experienced tremendous developments and
it is nowadays considered a promising strategy against many types of cancer. However, the …

The magnitude of the host immune response can be regulated by either stimulatory or
inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules. Receptor-ligand binding between inhibitory …