▪ Abstract Reactive oxygen intermediates are produced in all aerobic organisms during
respiration and exist in the cell in a balance with biochemical antioxidants. Excess reactive …

Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly formed in the human
body, often for useful metabolic purposes. Antioxidant defenses protect against them, but …

Oxidants, which are generated by multiple pathways in mammalian organisms, may be
natural carcinogens and contribute to several stages of malignant transformation. Active …

In brain ischemia, gating of postsynaptic glutamate receptors and other membrane channels
triggers intracellular Ca 2+ overload and cell death. In excitotoxic settings, the initial Ca 2+ …

Current evidence suggests that O2-and H2O2 injure cells as a result of the generation of a
more potent oxidizing species. In addition to O2-and H2O2, the third essential component of …

Paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenoi, Fig. I), also known as acetaminophen. was first
described as an analgesic and antipyretic agent by Von Mering in 1893 [l]. In the 1940s …

Reduced glutathione (GSH) is a tripetide (y-glutamylcysteinylglycine) ubiquitous in
mammalian systems. It is the major soluble cellular thiol, but represents only one of the two …

The general involvement of the calcium ion in the regulation of physiological processes is
well established. With this knowledge has come the understanding that Ca2+ can also play …

Although Ca2+ signals are necessary for cell communication and survival, abnormal cellular
Ca2+ load can trigger different cell death programs. Ca2+ mediates cell death by activating …

Quinones are among the most frequently used drugs to treat human cancer. All of the
antitumor quinones can undergo reversible enzymatic reduction and oxidation, and form …