Three-dimensional atlases of subcortical brain structures are valuable tools to reference
anatomy in neuroscience and neurology. For instance, they can be used to study the …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective surgical treatment for medication-refractory
hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders, and it is being explored for a variety of …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is increasingly applied for the treatment of brain disorders, but
its mechanism of action remains unknown. Here we evaluate the effect of basal ganglia DBS …

Hyperkinetic states are common in human movement disorders, but their neural basis
remains uncertain. One such condition is dyskinesia, a serious adverse effect of medical and …

BACKGROUND: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) methodology, originally developed
by Talairach and Bancaud, is progressively gaining popularity for the presurgical invasive …

Background Surgical intervention for advanced Parkinson's disease is an option if medical
therapy fails to control symptoms adequately. We aimed to assess whether surgery and best …

Background Gene transfer of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and other methods that
modulate production of GABA in the subthalamic nucleus improve basal ganglia function in …

Deep brain stimulation at high frequency was first used in 1997 to replace thalamotomy in
treating the characteristic tremor of Parkinson's disease, and has subsequently been applied …

Psychiatric neurosurgery teams in the United States and Europe have studied deep brain
stimulation (DBS) of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule and adjacent ventral …

Objective Our aim was to compare in a prospective blinded study the cognitive and mood
effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) vs. globus pallidus interna (GPi) deep brain stimulation …