All light has structure, but only recently has it been possible to control it in all its degrees of
freedom and dimensions, fuelling fundamental advances and applications alike. Here we …

Thirty years ago, Coullet et al. proposed that a special optical field exists in laser cavities
bearing some analogy with the superfluid vortex. Since then, optical vortices have been …

Optical aberrations place fundamental limits on the achievable resolution with focusing and
imaging. In the context of structured light, optical imperfections and misalignments and …

Structured light is derived from the ability to tailor light, usually referring to the spatial control
of its amplitude, phase, and polarization. Although a venerable topic that dates back to the …

The spin Hall effect (SHE) of light, as an analogue of the SHE in electronic systems, is a
promising candidate for investigating the SHE in semiconductor spintronics/valleytronics …

Vector beams, and in particular vector vortex beams, have found many applications in recent
times, both as classical fields and as quantum states. While much attention has focused on …

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) from lasers holds promise for compact, at-source
solutions for applications ranging from imaging to communications. However, conjugate …

The angular momentum of light can be described by positions on a higher-order Poincaré
sphere, where superpositions of spin and orbital angular momentum states give rise to laser …

Vector modes are spatial modes that have spatially inhomogeneous states of polarization,
such as, radial and azimuthal polarization. In this work, the spatially inhomogeneous states …

In this work, it is experimentally demonstrated that the nonseparability of vector beams (eg,
radial and azimuthal polarization) can be used to encode information for optical …