Addiction is a complex disease that impacts millions of people around the world. Clinically,
addiction is formalized as substance use disorder (SUD), with three primary symptom …

Alcohol and nicotine are the two most widely used and misused drugs around the world, and
co-consumption of both substances is highly prevalent. Multiple lines of evidence show a …

Introduction While substantial research has focused on the contribution of sex hormones to
driving elevated levels of alcohol drinking in female rodents, fewer studies have investigated …

The endogenous opioid system has been implicated in alcohol consumption and preference
in both humans and animals. The mu opioid receptor (MOR) is expressed on multiple cells …

Adolescence through young adulthood is a unique period of neuronal development and
maturation. Numerous agents can alter this process, resulting in long-term neurological and …

Rationale Alcohol and nicotine addiction are prevalent conditions that co-occur. Despite the
prevalence of co-use, factors that influence the suppression and enhancement of concurrent …

Significance Alcohol drinking and nicotine vaping often co-occur and dependence on both
substances is common. However, the impact of nicotine vaping on alcohol consumption is …

Background Binge drinking (BD) and tobacco use disorder (TUD) are prevalent among
youth, with significant social and health implications. However, research into the emotional …

Background The use of electronic cigarettes has increased over the past decade. To
determine how the abuse liability of electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids) differs from …

Nicotine engages dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to encode reward
and drive the development of nicotine addiction, however how nicotine alters a stress …