Mangrove wetlands possess four important characteristics as one of the unique marine
ecosystems, and are found in the intertidal coastal regions of the tropics and subtropics in …

Vertical land motions are a key element in understanding how sea levels have changed
over the past century and how future sea levels may impact coastal areas. Ideally, to be …

Coastal flood risks are rising rapidly. We provide high resolution estimates of the economic
value of mangroves forests for flood risk reduction every 20 km worldwide. We develop a …

Previous studies reconstructed twentieth-century global mean sea level (GMSL) from sparse
tide-gauge records to understand whether the recent high rates obtained from satellite …

The ports sector is critical to global transport and trade. Climate change may compromise
port operations, resulting in an increase in operational shutdowns and subsequent …

The Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flood Hazard Scenarios and Tools Interagency Task
Force, jointly convened by the US Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) and the …

Estimating and accounting for twentieth-century global mean sea-level (GMSL) rise is critical
to characterizing current and future human-induced sea-level change. Several previous …

The Ocean plays a central role in Earth's climate and has absorbed 93% of the extra energy
from the enhanced greenhouse effect and approximately 30% of anthropogenic carbon …

Increasing heat content of the global ocean dominates the energy imbalance in the climate
system. Here we show that ocean heat gain over the 0–2,000 m layer continued at a rate of …

We estimate the rise in global average sea level from satellite altimeter data for 1993–2009
and from coastal and island sea-level measurements from 1880 to 2009. For 1993–2009 …