The fascinating patterns of collective motion created by autonomously driven particles have
fuelled active-matter research for over two decades. So far, theoretical active-matter …

Microorganisms have evolved to thrive in virtually any terrestrial and marine environment,
exposing them to various mechanical cues mainly generated by fluid flow and pressure as …

Active crystals are highly ordered structures that emerge from the self-organization of motile
objects, and have been widely studied in synthetic, and bacterial, active matter. Whether …

How do growing bacterial colonies get their shapes? While colony morphogenesis is well
studied in two dimensions, many bacteria grow as large colonies in three-dimensional (3D) …

Biofilms are a widely observed growth mode in which microbial communities are spatially
structured and embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. Here, we focus on the model …

Tooth decay (dental caries) is a widespread human disease caused by microbial biofilms.
Streptococcus mutans, a biofilm-former, has been consistently associated with severe …

Biofilms are microbial communities that represent a highly abundant form of microbial life on
Earth. Inside biofilms, phenotypic and genotypic variations occur in three-dimensional space …

Biofilms, which are essential vectors of bacterial survival, protect microbes from antibiotics
and host immune attack and are one of the leading causes that maintain drug-resistant …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cultured axenically without detergent forms biofilm-like
cords, a clinical identifier of virulence. In lung-on-chip (LoC) and mouse models, cords in …

Biofilm formation is generally recognized as a bacterial defense mechanism against
environmental threats, including antibiotics, bacteriophages, and leukocytes of the human …