BACKGROUND Human activity and decisions drive all life in cities. Worldwide, cities are
characterized by extensive anthropogenic transformation of the landscape, modification of …

Since the 1990s, recognition of urban biodiversity research has increased steadily.
Knowledge of how ecological communities respond to urban pressures can assist in …

The urban landscape is becoming the environment most familiar to most of humanity, which
has consequences for society, the environment, and biodiversity. Here, we present a …

Urbanization is changing Earth's ecosystems by altering the interactions and feedbacks
between the fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes that maintain life. Humans …

Human–wildlife interactions, including human–wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as
expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter …

Cities are uniquely complex systems regulated by interactions and feedbacks between
nature and human society. Characteristics of human society—including culture, economics …

Evidence is growing that human modification of landscapes has dramatically altered
evolutionary processes. In urban population genetic studies, urbanization is typically …

Current narratives suggest that urban adaptation–the adaptive evolution of organisms to
cities–is pervasive across taxa and cities. However, in reviewing hundreds of studies, we …

Urbanization drastically transforms landscapes, resulting in fragmentation, degradation, and
the loss of local biodiversity. Yet, urban environments also offer opportunities to observe …

The northern house mosquito Culex pipiens sensu stricto is one of the most important
disease vector mosquitoes in temperate zones across the northern hemisphere, responsible …