Inflammation has been implicated in atrial fibrillation (AF), a very common and clinically
significant cardiac rhythm disturbance, but its precise role remains poorly understood. Work …

Cardiac fibrosis is central to the pathology of heart failure, particularly heart failure with
preserved ejection fraction (HF p EF). Irrespective of the underlying profibrotic condition (eg …

Myocardial fibrosis is a remodeling process of the extracellular matrix (ECM) following
cardiac stress.“Replacement fibrosis” is a term used to describe wound healing in the acute …

Abstract Tranilast (N-[3′, 4′-dimethoxycinnamoyl]-anthranilic acid) is an analog of a
tryptophan metabolite. Initially, tranilast was identified as an anti-allergic agent, and used in …

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in the world and is exacerbated by
the presence of cardiac fibrosis, defined by the accumulation of noncontractile extracellular …

Experimental research has recognized the importance of cardiac fibroblast and
myofibroblast cells in heart repair and function. In a normal healthy heart, the cardiac …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a common mediator of cancer progression and
fibrosis. Fibrosis can be a significant pathology in multiple organs, including the heart. In this …

The importance of fibrosis in organ pathology and dysfunction appears to be increasingly
relevant to a variety of distinct diseases. In particular, a number of different cardiac …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important
role in wound healing, angiogenesis, immunoregulation and cancer. The cells of the …

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing
worldwide. Current approved medication for IBD treatment in the clinic mainly includes …