Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in
preterm infants. A key histopathological feature of BPD is stunted late lung development …

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins
consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine …

Developing, regenerating, and repairing a lung all require interstitial resident fibroblasts
(iReFs) to direct the behavior of the epithelial stem cell niche. During lung development …

Transcription factor 21 (Tcf21) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor required for
mesenchymal development in several organs. Others have demonstrated that Tcf21 is …

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling plays an important role in lung organogenesis. Over
recent decades, FGF signaling in lung development has been extensively studied in animal …

Airway branching morphogenesis depends on the intricate orchestration of numerous
biological and physical factors connected across different spatial scales. One of the key …

Complex human airway cellular organization where extracellular matrix (ECM) and
epithelial and stromal lineages interact present challenges for organ study in vitro. Current in …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 9 and 10 are essential during the pseudoglandular stage of
lung development. Mesothelium-produced FGF9 is principally responsible for mesenchymal …

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia (osteosarcopenia (OS)) are twin-aging diseases. The
biochemical crosstalk between muscle and bone seems to play a role in OS. We have …

Multiple cellular, biochemical, and physical factors converge to coordinate organogenesis.
During embryonic development, several organs such as the lung, salivary glands, mammary …