Cancer is a leading public health problem worldwide. Its treatment remains a daunting
challenge, although significant progress has been made in existing treatments in recent …

Exosomes are endosome-derived nanovesicles involved in cellular communication. They
are natural nanocarriers secreted by various cells, making them suitable candidates for …

Metabolic reprogramming is reported to be one of the hallmarks of cancer, which is an
adaptive mechanism by which fast-growing cancer cells adapt to their increasing energy …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer membrane-enclosed structures
containing RNAs, proteins, lipids, metabolites, and other molecules, secreted by various …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released from cells and are characterized by a lipid
bilayer membrane encapsulating a variety of biological molecules such as nucleic acids or …

Reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by modulating
macrophages holds great promise in tumor immunotherapy. As a class of professional …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as therapeutic modalities due to their
endogenous characteristics, however, further bioengineering refinement is required to …

Abstract TP53 mutants (mutp53) are involved in the pathogenesis of most human cancers.
Specific mutp53 proteins gain oncogenic functions (GOFs) distinct from the tumor …

Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts that did not code proteins but regulate their functions
were extensively studied for the last two decades and the plethora of discoveries have …

Extracellular communication, in other words, crosstalk between cells, has a pivotal role in
the survival of an organism. This communication occurs by different methods, one of which is …