Background Bone regeneration involves various complex biological processes. Many
experiments have been performed using biomaterials in vivo and in vitro to promote and …

Waste materials from natural sources are important resources for extraction and recovery of
valuable compounds. Transformation of these waste materials into valuable materials …

Saturn's moon Enceladus harbours a global 1 ice-covered water ocean 2, 3. The Cassini
spacecraft investigated the composition of the ocean by analysis of material ejected into …

Natural bone is a composite tissue made of organic and inorganic components, showing
piezoelectricity. Whitlockite (WH), which is a natural magnesium-containing calcium …

Due to a prolonged life expectancy, the number of orthopedic-related fractures and
pathologies is increasing, leading to a tremendous demand for efficient orthopedic …

Various strategies have been explored to overcome critically sized bone defects via bone
tissue engineering approaches that incorporate biomimetic scaffolds. Biomimetic scaffolds …

As an essential element, magnesium is involved in a variety of physiological processes.
Magnesium is the second most abundant cation in cells and the fourth most abundant cation …

Artificial bioactive materials have received increasing attention worldwide in clinical
orthopedics to repair bone defects that are caused by trauma, infections or tumors …

Background A considerable number of studies has been carried out to develop alloplastic
bone graft materials such as hydroxyapatite (HAP) that mimic the hierarchical structure of …

Bone remodeling process relies on complex signaling pathway between osteoblasts and
osteoclasts and control mechanisms to achieve homeostasis of their growth and …