Recent advances have clarified how the brain detects CO 2 to regulate breathing (central
respiratory chemoreception). These mechanisms are reviewed and their significance is …

Leak currents, defined as voltage and time independent flows of ions across cell
membranes, are central to cellular electrical excitability control. The K 2P (KCNK) potassium …

Background Despite seventeen decades of continuous clinical use, the neuronal
mechanisms through which volatile anesthetics act to produce unconsciousness remain …

K2P potassium channels regulate cellular excitability using their selectivity filter (C-type)
gate. C-type gating mechanisms, best characterized in homotetrameric potassium channels …

We used optogenetics to determine the global respiratory effects produced by selectively
stimulating raphe obscurus (RO) serotonergic neurons in anesthetized mice and to test …

Phox2b-expressing glutamatergic neurons of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) display
properties expected of central respiratory chemoreceptors; they are directly activated by …

The activity of background potassium and sodium channels determines neuronal excitability,
but physiological roles for “leak” Na+ channels in specific mammalian neurons have not …

The trinuclear ruthenium amine ruthenium red (RuR) inhibits diverse ion channels, including
K 2P potassium channels, TRPs, the calcium uniporter, CALHMs, ryanodine receptors, and …

Central respiratory chemoreceptors sense changes in CO2/H+ and initiate the adjustments
to ventilation required to preserve brain and tissue pH. The cellular nature of the sensors …

Current understanding of the contribution of C1 neurons to blood pressure (BP) regulation
derives predominantly from experiments performed in anesthetized animals or reduced ex …