The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a key role in maintaining the specialized
microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS), and enabling communication with …

Schizophrenia is a disorder with a heterogeneous etiology involving complex interplay
between genetic and environmental risk factors. The immune system is now known to play …

Central nervous system (CNS) barriers predominantly mediate the immune-privileged status
of the brain, and are also important regulators of neuroimmune communication. It is …

Mounting evidence indicates that inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of
depression in both medically ill and medically healthy individuals. Cytokines are important …

The potential contribution of chronic inflammation to the development of neuropsychiatric
disorders such as major depression has received increasing attention. Elevated biomarkers …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disease affecting one out of five
individuals and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Presently, MDD is considered a …

The present review assesses the current state of literature defining integrative autonomic-
immune physiological processing, focusing on studies that have employed …

Cytokines are molecules secreted by peripheral immune cells, microglia, astrocytes and
neurons in the central nervous system. Peripheral or central inflammation is characterized …

Abstract Turnbull, Andrew V., and Catherine L. Rivier. Regulation of the Hypothalamic-
Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Cytokines: Actions and Mechanisms of Action. Physiol. Rev. 79: 1 …

Astrocytes are the major glial cell within the central nervous system (CNS) and have a
number of important physiological properties related to CNS homeostasis. The aspect of …