Knowledge of the prognosis of acute spinal cord injury is critical to provide appropriate
information for clients and make the best treatment choices. Acute intervertebral disc …

Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is one of the most common neurologic problems
encountered in veterinary clinical practice. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an …

These updated guidelines present a practical and logical approach to the assessment and
management of acute and chronic pain in canine and feline patients. Recognizing pain is …

Background Thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (TL‐IVDE) is the most common
cause of acute paraparesis and paraplegia in dogs; however, guidelines on management of …

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy can non-invasively treat a variety of
pathologies by delivering electric and magnetic fields to tissues via inductive coils. The …

Ozone therapy has been used to control pain in animals. Moreover, electroacupuncture (EA)
has been effective in neurological recovery and pain control in dogs with thoracolumbar …

Simple Summary Spinal cord injuries (SCI) in dogs have become increasingly common and
most are caused by trauma or discal hernia (intervertebral disc disease). The absence of …

Some dogs do not make a full recovery following medical or surgical management of acute
canine intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH), highlighting the limits of currently available …

Intervertebral disc disease is one of the leading causes of paralysis in dogs. Pulsed
electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy has been advocated for improving wound healing and …

Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe disease of the central nervous system with a
very high disability rate that seriously affects the daily life of patients. Acupuncture is one of …