Information seeking is a fundamental human activity. In the modern world, it is frequently
conducted through interactions with search systems. The retrieval and comprehension of …

Web searchers sometimes struggle to find relevant information. Struggling leads to
frustrating and dissatisfying search experiences, even if searchers ultimately meet their …

When exploring a new domain through web search, people often struggle to articulate
queries because they lack domain-specific language and well-defined informational goals …

The outcome of exploratory information retrieval is not only dependent on the effectiveness
of individual responses to a set of queries, but also on relevant information retrieved during …

User search performance is multidimensional in nature and may be better characterized by
metrics that depict users' interactions with both relevant and irrelevant results. Despite …

Introduction: This study explores blind users' unique help-seeking situations in interacting
with digital libraries. In particular, help-seeking situations were investigated at both the …

This chapter presents in-depth reviews of search tools for supporting information search.
With the brief introduction of cutting-edge search support tools, we describe the key ideas …

Although online experiments, often in the form of A/B tests, are increasingly used by
academic researchers (with crowd-working platforms offering a large pool of artificial users) …

Searching and exploring online is a part of our everyday lives–shaping how we learn, work
and innovate. However, today, people are still drowning in information, with few …

Searcher struggle is important feedback to Web search engines. Existing Web search
struggle detection methods rely on effort-based features to identify the struggling moments …