Most biological molecules contain acido-basic groups that modulate their structure and
interactions. A consequence is that pH gradients, local heterogeneities and dynamic …

Cilia and flagella are cell machines that power hydrodynamic forces by fast beating. They
are composed of bundles of 9+ 2 microtubules that associate with several protein structures …

We present a variation of the method of regularized Stokeslet (MRS) specialized for the case
of forces and torques distributed over filaments in three dimensions. The new formulation is …

Loliginid squids provide a unique model system to explore male alternative reproductive
tactics (ARTs) and their linkage to size, behavioral decision making, and possibly age. Large …

Eukaryotic flagella collectively form metachronal waves that facilitate the ability to cause flow
or swim. Among such flagellated and planktonic swimmers, large volvocine genera such as …

The expression of alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) is often influenced by the
environmental cues and intrinsic conditions experienced by each male, and it may be …

In polygamous species, the mode of sperm storage in females influences evolution of sperm
quantitative and qualitative traits because it provides the arena for sperm competition, cryptic …

The gametes of aqua-living animals are equipped with several systems to ensure
fertilization. Sperm activation and chemotaxis toward the conspecific eggs—some factors …

During cephalopod copulation, sperm are transferred from males to females through a
complex process involving males depositing sperm packets (spermatophores) onto various …

Recent studies have highlighted the intriguing reproductive behaviors in some coastal squid
species. Here we review briefly pre-copulative male–male and male–female interactions …