The “Barker hypothesis” postulates that a number of organ structures and associated
functions undergo programming during embryonic and fetal life, which determines the set …

Babies who are small at birth or during infancy have increased rates of cardiovascular
disease and non-insulin-dependent diabetes as adults. Some of these babies have low …

1. Many human fetuses have to adapt to a limited supply of nutrients. In doing so they
permanently change their structure and metabolism. 2. These'programmed'changes may be …

Recent findings suggest that many human fetuses have to adapt to a limited supply of
nutrients and in doing so they permanently change their physiology and metabolism. These …

A large body of human epidemiological data, as well as experimental studies, suggest that
environmental factors operating early in life potently affect developing systems, permanently …

Many human fetuses have to adapt to a limited supply of nutrients. In doing so they
permanently change their structure and metabolism. These programmed changes may be …

Recent findings suggest that coronary heart disease and stroke, and the associated
conditions, hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes, originate through impaired …

15 intolerance25 and obesity in adult life. 26, 27 Thus there is a small but growing set of
data providing direct evidence in human populations that maternal nutrition in pregnancy …

A negative association between anemia and duration of gestation and low birth weight has
been reported in the majority of studies, although a causal link remains to be proven. This …

Low birth weight, thinness and short body length at birth are now known to be associated
with increased rates of cardiovascular disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes in adult …