Abstract The RAF-MEK-ERK signaling cascade is a well-characterized MAPK pathway
involved in cell proliferation and survival. The three-layered MAPK signaling cascade is …

The discovery of kisspeptin as a critical central regulatory factor of GnRH release has given
people a novel understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation in human reproduction …

The past decade has seen significant advances in our understanding of skeletal
homeostasis and the mechanisms that mediate the loss of bone integrity in disease. Recent …

Arrestins were initially identified for their role in homologous desensitization and
internalization of G protein–coupled receptors. Receptor-bound arrestins also initiate …

Arrestins recognize different receptor phosphorylation patterns and convert this information
to selective arrestin functions to expand the functional diversity of the G protein-coupled …

FSH is synthesized in the pituitary by gonadotrope cells. By binding to and interacting with
its cognate receptor [FSH receptor (FSHR)] in the gonads, this gonadotropin plays a key role …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the largest family of transmembrane
receptors and their signal transduction is tightly regulated by GPCR kinases (GRKs) and β …

Previously, we reported a first-in-class von Hippel–Lindau (VHL)-recruiting mitogen-
activated protein kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) degrader, MS432. To date, only two …

The apelin and Elabela proteins constitute a spatiotemporal double-ligand system that
controls apelin receptor (APJ) signal transduction. Phosphorylation of multiple sites within …

Biased agonism refers to the ability of compounds to drive preferred signaling pathways and
avoid adverse signaling pathways in a ligand-dependent manner for some G-protein …