Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson (PD) have attracted
attention in last decades due to their high incidence worldwide. The etiology of these …

As the second most common age related neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's
disease, the health, social and economic impact resulting from Parkinson's disease will …

James Parkinson first described the motor symptoms of the disease that took his name over
200 years ago. While our knowledge of many of the changes that occur in this condition has …

The lamprey belongs to the phylogenetically oldest group of vertebrates that diverged from
the mammalian evolutionary line 560 million years ago. A comparison between the lamprey …

Over the last two decades, we have witnessed a revolution in the field of Parkinson's
disease (PD) genetics. Great advances have been made in identifying many loci that confer …

Since the discovery of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in the 1950s, P arkinson's disease
(PD) research has generated a rich and complex body of knowledge, revealing PD to be an …

α-Synuclein (αSyn) aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction both contribute to the
pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Although recent studies have suggested that …

Neurological disorders in humans can be modeled in animals using standardized
procedures that recreate specific pathogenic events and their behavioral outcomes. The …

Evidence from a variety of studies implicates a role for the adaptive immune system in
Parkinson's disease (PD). Similar to multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who display a high …

The integrity of mitochondrial function is fundamental to cell life. It follows that disturbances
of mitochondrial function will lead to disruption of cell function, expressed as disease or …