Sleep is regulated by a homeostatic and a circadian process. Together these two processes
determine most aspects of sleep and related variables like sleepiness and alertness. The …

A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and
neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter …

The classification of sleep disorders is necessary to discriminate between disorders and to
facilitate an understanding of symptoms, etiology, and pathophysiology that allows for …

Context Narcolepsy, a neurological disorder affecting 1 in 2000 individuals, is associated
with HLA-DQB1* 0602 and low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin (orexin) levels …

Micropipette recording with juxtacellular Neurobiotin ejection, linked micropipette-microwire
recording, and antidromic and orthodromic activation from the ventral tegmental area and …

Narcolepsy-cataplexy, a neurological disorder associated with the absence of hypothalamic
orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides, consists of two underlying problems: inability to maintain …

Much has been learned about the pathophysiology of narcolepsy over the last several
decades. It is likely that hypocretin-producing cells in the lateral hypothalamus are …

The hypothalamic hypocretin (orexin) system plays a central role in the regulation of various
functions, including sleep/wake regulation and metabolism. There is a growing interest in …

Sleep–wake disturbances (SWD) are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In acute TBI,
we recently found decreased CSF levels of hypocretin-1, a wake-promoting …

Over a short period in the late 1990s, three groups converged on the discovery of a
neuropeptide system, centred in the dorsolateral hypothalamus, that regulates arousal …