The ang opoietin/t yrosine kinase with i mmunoglobulin and e pidermal growth factor
homology domains (Ang/Tie) pathway is an emerging key regulator in vascular development …

Purpose: To provide a concise overview for ophthalmologists and practicing retina
specialists of available clinical evidence of manipulating the angiopoietin/tyrosine kinase …

Abstract Pathologically, blood-spinal-cord-barrier (BSCB) disruption after spinal cord injury
(SCI) leads to infiltration of numerous peripheral macrophages into injured areas and …

Motivation Immune cells are important components of the immune system and are crucial for
disease initiation, progression, prognosis and survival. Although several computational …

The recent discovery of lymphatic vessels (LVs) in the dura mater, the outermost layer of
meninges around the central nervous system (CNS), has opened a possibility for the …

Pericytes regulate the development of organ-specific characteristics of the brain vasculature
such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and astrocytic end-feet. Whether pericytes are …

Integrins are a class of transmembrane receptors that are involved in a wide range of
biological functions. Dysregulation of integrins has been implicated in many pathological …

Introduction Several approaches have been investigated for treating wet age-related
macular degeneration (w-AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME) and retinal vein occlusions …

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular abnormalities that primarily occur in
adulthood and cause cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, and seizures. CCMs are thought to be …

In this review, we will explore the intricate roles of cytokines and vascular endothelial growth
factors in autoimmune diseases (ADs), with a particular focus on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) …