This chapter surveys empirically the broad features of trade policy in goods for 31 major
economies that collectively represented 83% of the world's population and 91% of the …

The global financial crisis reinvigorated ongoing debates over whether China has its own
distinct and separate 'model'of political economy and/or development. There is much that …

How do global supply chain linkages modify countries' incentives to impose import
protection? Are these linkages empirically important determinants of trade policy? To …

The WTO has delivered policy outcomes that are very different from those likely to emerge
out of the recent wave of preferential trade agreements (PTAs). Should economists see this …

This paper estimates the impact of macroeconomic fluctuations on import protection policies
over 1988: Q1–2010: Q4 for five industrialized economies—the United States, European …

This article examines the evolving, cross‐country use of antidumping, safeguard and
countervailing duty policies–temporary trade barriers (TTBs)–over the period 1990–2009. I …

ABSTRACT In 2018, the United States suddenly increased tariffs on nearly 50 percent of its
imports from China. China immediately responded with tariff retaliation covering more than …

On January 1, 2005, restrictions on the fourth and final set of textile and clothing products
regulated by the Agreement on Textile and Clothing (ATC), the successor of the Multi-Fiber …

This paper is the first to use product-level data to examine empirically whether countries use
antidumping and safeguard exceptions to unwind commitments to lower tariffs in the face of …

Abstract The Bagwell and Staiger (1990) theory of cooperative trade agreements predicts
new tariffs (i) increase with imports,(ii) increase with the inverse of the sum of the import …