Toxic heavy metals in soil negatively impact soil's physical, biological, and chemical
characteristics, and also human wellbeing. The traditional approach of chemical analysis …

Located at northern latitudes and subject to large seasonal temperature fluctuations, boreal
forests are sensitive to the changing climate, with evidence for both increasing and …

Using a hemispherical directional reflectance factor instrument, spectral data of dirty snow
containing black carbon (BC), mineral dust (MD), and ash was collected from multiple …

The field observation data of ice‐snow (the ice covered by snow) is scarce, causing a poor
understanding of its characteristics and some uncertainty in ice process simulation. Using a …

Abstract Much of Interior Alaska contains permafrost, which is a permanently frozen layer
found within or at the surface of the Earth. Historically, this permafrost has experienced …

In this study, glaciers of the Patsio of Himachal Pradesh, India, are selected. The field
spectra were collected for pure snow, contaminated snow, and adjacency factors using a …

Snow is unstable under natural environmental conditions; it undergoes metamorphism that
can be measurable with an energy flux model. The demand for snow research is increasing …