We review the gas-phase chemistry in extraterrestrial space that is driven by reactions with
atomic and molecular ions. Ions are ubiquitous in space and are potentially responsible for …

A description is given of the global atmospheric electric circuit operating between the Earth's
surface and the ionosphere. Attention is drawn to the huge range of horizontal and vertical …

Using a new reconstruction of the solar proton energy spectra for Ground Level
Enhancement (GLE) events, based on fits to measurements from ground-based and satellite …

A brief review of the study during COST Action ES0803 of effects due to cosmic rays (CR)
and solar energetic particles (SEP) in the ionosphere and atmosphere is presented. Models …

Cosmic rays provide an important source for free electrons in Earth's atmosphere and also in
dense interstellar regions where they produce a prevailing background ionization. We utilize …

This paper aims at providing an overview of latest advances in space weather modeling in
an operational environment in Europe, including both the introduction of new models and …

The atmospheres of the terrestrial planets are exposed to solar and galactic cosmic rays, the
most energetic of which are capable of affecting deep atmospheric layers through extensive …

A one‐dimensional self‐consistent model has been developed to study the chemical and
thermal effects of a single sprite streamer in the Earth's mesosphere. We have used sprite …

High-energy particles of cosmic origin eg cosmic ray protons and heavier nuclei of galactic
and/or solar origin induce complicated nuclear-electromagnetic-meson cascades in the …

Relativistic and sub-relativistic solar energetic particles could cause an excess of ionization
in the atmosphere, specifically in polar and sub-polar regions. This effect is observed mainly …