Exploitation of fossil fuel sources in the power generation and transportation sector has
been a major source of carbon dioxide emissions that contributes to global warming …

Cost degression in photovoltaics, wind-power and battery storage has been faster than
previously anticipated. In the future, climate policy to limit global warming to 1.5–2° C will …

The use of fossil fuels as the main source of energy for most countries has caused several
negative environmental impacts, such as global warming and air pollution. Air pollution …

This article analyses the trends in primary demand for fossil fuels and renewables,
comparing regions with large and small domestic fossil fuel reserves. We focus on countries …

This paper presents a set of energy and resource intensive scenarios based on the concept
of Shared Socio-Economic Pathways (SSPs). The scenario family is characterized by rapid …

As an important contributor to the habitability of our planet, the oxygen cycle is
interconnected with the emergence and evolution of complex life and is also the basis to …

This paper presents projections of global methane emissions from coal mining under
different coal extraction scenarios and with increasing mining depth through 2100. The …

Energy is crucial for supporting basic human needs, development and well-being. The future
evolution of the scale and character of the energy system will be fundamentally shaped by …

This paper presents the new and now open-source version 2.1 of the REgional Model of
INvestments and Development (REMIND). REMIND, as an integrated assessment model …

The global phase-out of coal by mid-century is considered vital to the Paris Agreement to
limit warming well-below 2° C above pre-industrial levels. Since the inception of the …