The spread of bacterial drug resistance has posed a severe threat to public health globally.
Here, we cover bacterial resistance to current antibacterial drugs, including traditional herbal …

Polymyxins are polycationic antimicrobial peptides that are currently the last-resort
antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative bacterial infections. The …

Intracellular lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli,
Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Burkholderia thailandensis activates mouse …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria were first described more
than 50 years ago. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in biogenesis began to be …

Hosts and bacteria have coevolved over millions of years, during which pathogenic bacteria
have modified their virulence mechanisms to adapt to host defense systems. Although the …

Abstract Background Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are constitutively produced by Gram-
negative bacteria throughout growth and have proposed roles in virulence, inflammation …

The lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide forms the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of
most gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli lipid A is synthesized on the cytoplasmic …

Multidrug resistance in pathogens is an increasingly significant threat for human health.
Indeed, some strains are resistant to almost all currently available antibiotics, leaving very …

Antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria is an ever-increasing issue worldwide.
Unfortunately, very little has been achieved in the pharmaceutical industry to combat this …

MCR-1 is a lipid A modifying enzyme that confers resistance to the antibiotic colistin. Here,
we analyse the impact of MCR-1 expression on E. coli morphology, fitness, competitiveness …