This review examines the enormous progress that has been made in the past decade in
understanding the origin of HIV, HIV genetic variability, and the impact of global HIV diversity …

Since the isolation of HIV, multiple transmissions are thought to have occurred between man
and other old-world primates. Assessment of samples from apes and human beings with …

Single-stranded RNA viruses encompass broad classes of infectious agents and cause the
common cold, cancer, AIDS and other serious health threats. Viral replication is regulated at …

Background To investigate differences in pathogenesis, diagnosis and resistance pathways
between HIV-1 subtypes, an accurate subtyping tool for large datasets is needed. We aimed …

In 1981, a new disease syndrome appeared in human populations in the United States and
elsewhere characterized by a deficiency in the immune system [1]. Patients presented with …

Science responded to the challenge of AIDS by rapidly identifying aetiology, describing
pathogenesis and transmission routes, and developing diagnostic tests and treatment …

In this groundbreaking, global analysis of the relationship between climate change and
human health, Hans Baer and Merrill Singer inventory and critically analyze the diversity of …

Great strides have been made in understanding the evolutionary history of simian
immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and the zoonoses that gave rise to HIV-1 and HIV-2. What …

The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) results from a
combination of point mutations and genetic recombination, and rates of both processes are …

Genetically diverse pathogens (such as Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1, HIV-1) are
frequently stratified into phylogenetically or immunologically defined subtypes for …