Simple Summary Immunotherapy in glioblastoma has so far failed to yield a survival benefit.
This failure can be attributed to a paucity of immune cells at the tumor site which can be …

The choroid plexus (ChP) has been suggested as an alternative central nervous system
(CNS) entry site for CCR6+ Th17 cells during the initiation of experimental autoimmune …

Background The brain barriers establish compartments in the central nervous system (CNS)
that significantly differ in their communication with the peripheral immune system. In this …

Cell-based therapies to the brain are promising for the treatment of multiple brain disorders
including neurodegeneration and cancers. In order to access the brain parenchyma, there …

The human polyomavirus JCPyV is an opportunistic pathogen that infects greater than 60%
of the world's population. The virus establishes a persistent and asymptomatic infection in …

Viruses invade susceptible cells through a complex mechanism before injecting their
genetic material into them. This causes direct damage to the host cell, as well as resulting in …

The human polyomavirus, JCPyV, establishes a lifelong persistent infection in the peripheral
organs of a majority of the human population worldwide. Patients who are …

The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) is important in maintaining brain manganese
(Mn) homeostasis. This barrier consists of a single layer of epithelial cells, connected by tight …

Intratumoral bacteria flexibly contribute to cellular and molecular tumor heterogeneity for
supporting cancer recurrence through poorly understood mechanisms. Using spatial …

Echovirus-30 (E-30) is responsible for the extensive global outbreaks of meningitis in
children. To gain access to the central nervous system, E-30 first has to cross the epithelial …