Recent progress in plate tectonic reconstructions has seen models move beyond the
classical idea of continental drift by attempting to reconstruct the full evolving configuration of …

Gondwana is reviewed from the unification of its several cratons in the Late Neoproterozoic,
through its combination with Laurussia in the Carboniferous to form Pangea and up to its …

Plate tectonics constitutes our primary framework for understanding how the Earth works
over geological timescales. High‐resolution mapping of relative plate motions based on …

Large Igneous Province (LIP) eruption sites of the past 300 My lie vertically above 1% slow
shear wave velocity (Vs) contours bounding the African and Pacific Large Low Shear …

Two large low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVPs) in the deep mantle beneath Africa and the
Pacific are generally interpreted as hot but chemically dense 'piles', which have remained …

Linear chains of volcanic ocean islands are one of the most distinctive features on our
planet. The longest, the Hawaiian–Emperor Chain, has been active for more than 80 million …

Traditional models of the supercontinent cycle predict that the next supercontinent—'Amasia'—
will form either where Pangaea rifted (the 'introversion'model) or on the opposite side of the …

Defining the mantle structure that lies beneath hot spots is important for revealing their depth
of origin. Three-dimensional images of shear-wave velocity beneath the Hawaiian Islands …

We present geodynamic models featuring mantle plumes that are almost exclusively created
at the margins of large thermo‐chemical piles in the lowermost mantle. The models are …

Seismic tomography studies indicate that the Earth's mantle structure is characterized by
African and Pacific seismically slow velocity anomalies (ie, superplumes) and circum‐Pacific …