ABSTRACT A recent Perspective article described the “carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM)” of
obesity, asserting that it “better reflects knowledge on the biology of weight control” as …

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which has currently become a global pandemic, is a
metabolic disease largely characterised by impaired insulin secretion and action. Significant …

The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with
vitamins, and providing a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it is …

According to a commonly held view, the obesity pandemic is caused by overconsumption of
modern, highly palatable, energy-dense processed foods, exacerbated by a sedentary …

For many years, the dogma has been that insulin resistance precedes the development of
hyperinsulinemia. However, recent data suggest a reverse order and place …

Westernized populations are plagued by a plethora of chronic non-infectious degenerative
diseases, termed as “civilization diseases”, like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases …

Considerable overlap has been identified in the risk factors, comorbidities and putative
pathophysiological mechanisms of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) and …

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the failure of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells (or β-
cell death) due to either autoimmunity (type 1 diabetes mellitus) or failure to compensate for …

Nutritional excess is a major forerunner of type 2 diabetes. It enhances the secretion of
insulin, but attenuates insulin's metabolic actions in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose …

The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease
in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The …