The aim of this review is to shed light on time and irreversibility, in order to link macroscopic
to microscopic approaches to these complicated problems. After a brief summary of the …

Nonequilibrium temperature is a topic of research with continuously growing interest
because of recent improvements in and applications of nonequilibrium thermodynamics …

The neural systems' electric activities are fundamental for the phenomenology of
consciousness. Sensory perception triggers an information/energy exchange with the …

An approach that extends equilibrium thermodynamics principles to out-of-equilibrium
systems is based on the local equilibrium hypothesis. However, the validity of the a priori …

Causality describes the process and consequences from an action: a cause has an effect.
Causality is preserved in classical physics as well as in special and general theories of …

Evolution is customarily perceived as a biological process. However, when formulated in
terms of physics, evolution is understood to entail everything. Based on the axiom of …

Nonequilibrium temperature is a topic of research with continuously growing interest
because of recent improvements in and applications of nonequilibrium thermodynamics …