Neuroscience research is undergoing a minor revolution. Recent advances in machine
learning and artificial intelligence research have opened up new ways of thinking about …

Attempting recall of information from memory, as occurs when taking a practice test, is one of
the most potent training techniques known to learning science. However, does testing yield …

John Dewey was a pragmatist, progressivist, educator, philosopher, and social reformer
(Gutek, 2014). Dewey's various roles greatly impacted education and he was perhaps one of …

Learning is usually thought to occur during episodes of studying, whereas retrieval of
information on testing simply serves to assess what was learned. We review research that …

Educators rely heavily on learning activities that encourage elaborative studying, whereas
activities that require students to practice retrieving and reconstructing knowledge are used …

Every day, students and instructors are faced with the decision of when to study information.
The timing of study, and how it affects memory retention, has been explored for many years …

Some environmental influences, including intentional interventions, have shown persistent
effects on psychological characteristics and other socially important outcomes years and …

How do learners make decisions about how, what, and when to study, and why are their
decisions sometimes ineffective for learning? In three studies, learners experienced a pair of …

The current study explored the elaborative retrieval hypothesis as an explanation for the
testing effect: the tendency for a memory test to enhance retention more than restudying. In …

To achieve enduring retention, people must usually study information on multiple occasions.
How does the timing of study events affect retention? Prior research has examined this issue …