The application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to paretic limbs has
demonstrated utility for motor rehabilitation following brain injury. When NMES is delivered …

The generation of action potentials in intramuscular motor and sensory axons in response to
an imposed external current source can evoke muscle contractions and elicit widespread …

Neurological injuries such as strokes can lead to important loss in motor function. Thanks to
neuronal plasticity, some of the lost functionality may be recovered over time. However, the …

Strokes are a leading cause of acquired disability worldwide, and there is a significant need
for novel interventions and further research to facilitate functional motor recovery in stroke …

Brain-machine interface-controlled (BMI) neurofeedback training aims to modulate cortical
physiology and is applied during neurorehabilitation to increase the responsiveness of the …

In recent years, several investigators have successfully regenerated axons in animal spinal
cords without locomotor recovery. One explanation is that the animals were not trained to …

This analytic review reports how prolonged periods of somatosensory electric stimulation
(SES) with repetitive transcutaneous nerve stimulation can have 'direct'and 'crossed'effects …

Objective Motor imagination (MI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) can activate the
sensory-motor cortex through efferent and afferent pathways respectively. Motor imagination …

Highlights•Brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) can restore motor
function.•Appropriately timed neuromuscular electrical stimulation drives plastic …

Transcutaneous spinal stimulation is a noninvasive method that can activate dorsal and/or
ventral roots depending on the location and intensity of stimulation. Reflex root-evoked …