The capacity to be self-aware is regarded as a fundamental difference between humans and
other species. However, growing evidence challenges this notion, indicating that many …

Noting that some theropod dinosaurs had large brains, large grasping hands, and likely
binocular vision, paleontologist Dale Russell suggested that a branch of these dinosaurs …

Mirror self-recognition (MSR) assessed by the Mark Test has been the staple test for the
study of animal self-awareness. When tested in this paradigm, corvid species return …

Replications are widely considered an essential tool to evaluate scientific claims. However,
many fields have recently reported that replication rates are low and-when they are …

Scientists have spent great efforts exploring self-recognition in non-human animals using
the mirror test. In avian species, some of the passerines have passed the test, although the …

In this study, the improved Aesop's fable paradigm—a series of experiments originally used
to test whether some animals understand the causality associated with water replacement …

Object permanence is an important skill for cognitive development and is widely employed
in comparative psychology. Developing full object permanence by animals is a dilemma to …

It is no doubt that the reciprocal altruism of humans is unparalleled in the animal world.
However, how strong altruistic behavior in the non-human animal is still very controversial …

Mirror exposure elicits a wide range of behavioral responses, some of which have been
considered as part of possible evidence of mirror self-recognition (MSR). These responses …

Cognitive Evolution provides an in-depth exploration of the natural history of cognition, from
the beginning of life on Earth to present-day humans. Drawing together evolutionary …