Macrophages are essential for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, yet appear to be
drivers of inflammation in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). How these …

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract represents a unique challenge to the mammalian immune
system. It must tolerate the presence of the luminal microbiota and thus not respond to their …

The gastrointestinal tract has the important task of absorbing nutrients, a complex process
that requires an intact barrier allowing the passage of nutrients but that simultaneously …

The proliferation, differentiation and survival of mononuclear phagocytes depend on signals
from the receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor, CSF1R. The mammalian Csf1r …

Microfold (M) cells are located in the epithelium covering mucosa-associated lymphoid
tissues, such as the Peyer's patches (PPs) of the small intestine. M cells actively transport …

Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest
foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes …

Nanomaterial engineering provides an important technological advance that offers
substantial benefits for applications not only in the production and processing, but also in the …

Summary Production of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-22 by T helper 17 (Th17) cells and
group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in response to the gut microbiota ensures …

The intestinal mucosa is a physiological barrier for most microbes, including both
commensal bacteria and invading pathogens. Under homeostatic conditions …

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) consist of two major functionally and phenotypically
distinct subsets, cDC1 and cDC2, whose development is dependent on distinct sets of …