The evolutionarily conserved lateral habenula (LHb) enables dynamic responses to
continually changing contexts and environmental conditions. A model is proposed to …

The often-overlooked dorsal diencephalic conduction system (DDCS) is a highly conserved
pathway linking the basal forebrain and the monoaminergic brainstem. It consists of three …

The ability to make appropriate decisions that result in an optimal outcome is critical for
survival. This process involves assessing the environment as well as integrating prior …

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) gamma 8 (Gng8) is a subunit of G proteins
and expressed in the medial habenula (MHb) and interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). Recent …

Background In animal experiments, the habenula and septal nuclei are known as the key
brain areas of depression. However, there are few magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) …

One of the most audacious goals of modern neuroscience is unraveling the complex web of
causal relations underlying the activity of neuronal populations on a whole-brain scale. This …

Abstract Lateralized behavior (“handedness”) is unusual, but consistently found across
diverse animal lineages, including humans. It is thought to reflect brain anatomical and/or …

The lateral habenula (LHb) has been shown to play critical roles in a variety of appetitive
tasks (eg, spatial memory and object recognition) that require animals to flexibly respond to …

Left-right asymmetries in the zebrafish habenular nuclei are dependent upon the formation
of the parapineal, a unilateral group of neurons that arise from the medially positioned …

Based on anatomical and functional data, the habenula—a phylogenetically old brain
structure present in all vertebrates—takes part in the integration of limbic, sensory, and basal …