Neurotransmitter receptors, neurotransmitter synthesis and release pathways, and
heterotrimeric GTP–binding protein (G protein)–coupled second messenger pathways are …

The present article provides a brief overview of various aspects on neuropeptides,
emphasizing their multitude and their wide distribution in both the peripheral and central …

Neuropeptides and peptide hormones are ancient, widespread signaling molecules that
underpin almost all brain functions. They constitute a broad ligand-receptor network, mainly …

Neuropeptides in insects act as neuromodulators in the central and peripheral nervous
system and as regulatory hormones released into the circulation. The functional roles of …

Neuropeptides are short sequences of amino acids that function either directly or indirectly
to modulate synaptic activity. In addition, neuropeptides may also function as primary …

Neuropeptides play critical roles in synaptic signaling in all nervous systems. Unlike
classical neurotransmitters, peptidergic neurotransmitters are encoded as preproproteins …

Abstract FMRFamide (Phe‐Met‐Arg‐Phe‐NH2) and related peptides (FaRPs) have been
found throughout the animal kingdom, where they are involved in many behaviors. We …

Neuropeptides form the most diverse class of chemical messenger molecules in metazoan
nervous systems. They are usually generated from biosynthetic precursor polypeptides by …

Acidosis is associated with inflammation and ischemia and activates cation channels in
sensory neurons. Inflammation also induces expression of FMRFamide-like neuropeptides …

Neuropeptides are used as signaling molecules in the nervous system of most organisms,
including mammals. The family of FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2)-like neuropeptides …