Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As a
result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the global TB mortality rate in …

Vaccines often require adjuvants to be effective. Traditional adjuvants, like alum, activate the
immune response but in an uncontrolled way. Newer adjuvants help to direct the immune …

Drug delivery is a rapidly growing area of research motivated by the nanotechnology
revolution, the ideal of personalized medicine, and the desire to reduce the side effects of …

Infections with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause outbreaks of severe
diarrheal disease in children and the elderly around the world. The severe complications …

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157: H7 is a food-borne pathogen
that younger children are most prone to this microorganism. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome …

Prophylactic vaccines have evolved from traditional whole-cell vaccines to safer subunit
vaccines. However, subunit vaccines still face problems, such as poor immunogenicity and …

Outer membrane vesicles are nano-sized microvesicles shed from the outer membrane of
Gram-negative bacteria and play important roles in immune priming and disease …

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are a group of diarrheagenic bacteria
associated with foodborne outbreaks. Infection with these agents may result in grave …

Purified protein vaccines often require adjuvants for efficient stimulation of immune
responses. There is no licensed mucosal adjuvant on the market to adequately boost the …

Escherichia coli O157: H7 is a global concern that causes serious diseases, such as
hemolytic uremic syndrome and bloody diarrhea. To control E. coli O157: H7 in food, a novel …