Bone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via
a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These …

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a group of membrane proteins involved in
the transduction of a plethora of chemical and physical stimuli. These channels modulate ion …

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), or host defense peptides, are small cationic or amphipathic
molecules produced by prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms that play a key role in the …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), commonly known as endotoxin, is ubiquitous and the most-
studied pathogen-associated molecular pattern. A component of Gram-negative bacteria …

Process of inflammation and complex interactions between immune and cancer cells within
tumor microenvironment are known to drive and shape the outcome of the neoplastic …

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating chronic
disease of unknown aetiology that is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) …

Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular
resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the …

The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)—the only living member of the reptilian order
Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodontia), once widespread across Gondwana,—is an iconic …

Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) is a calcium-permeable nonselective
cation channel, originally described in 2000 by research teams led by Schultz (Nat Cell Biol …